Skin Cancer Essays (1144 words) - RTT, Dermatologic Surgery

Skin Cancer Every hour one American is killed by skin cancer and every thirty seconds one American gets skin cancer. Cancer is a deadly disease that alters the DNA of a skin cell and causes it to reproduce at a rapid pace. This overproduction of cells can be harmful and in many cases deadly. Out of these cancers the most common is Basal cell carcinoma. Many steps have been made in the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma, some have been very successful and some not. The cells that have the altered DNA are called malignant or cancerous cells. These cells are found in the outer layers of the skin. The skin's main job is to protect the body from infections and to insulate the body to keep it at the proper temperature. The first layer of skin is called the epidermis. This is the layer that is closest to the surface of the skin. There are three types of cells in this layer. The first is the squamace. The squamace cells are flat and scaly and are located closest to the surface of the skin. Second are the basal cells and finally are the melanocytes, which give the skin its color. The second layer of skin is the dermis, which is much thicker than the epidermis. This layer contains sweat glands, nerves and blood vessels. The dermis also contains follicles, which are tiny pockets from which the hair grows. The most common malignant cells are the basal cells. Cancer in the basal cell is called nonmelanoma cancer. This means that the cancer did not start in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. Basal Cell Carcinoma is caused by overexposure to the sun. The sun gives off ultraviolet rays, which are harmful to the human body. Basal cell carcinoma will affect body parts such as the eyes, ears and nose. If it is detected before it gets deep into the skin there will most likely be no problem treating the cancer. A problem will occur if it isn't detected quickly enough and it has progressed into the deep portions of the tissue. If Basal cell carcinoma is left untreated it can be very hard to treat and may even cause death. The common methods of treatment involve the use of Mohs micrographic surgery, radiation therapy, electrodesiccation and curettage, and simple excision. Each of these methods is useful in specific clinical situations. Depending on the case, these methods have cure rates ranging from 85% to 95%. Mohs micrographic surgery, a newer surgical technique, has the highest cure rate for surgical treatment of both primary and recurrent tumors. This method uses microscopic control to determine the extent of tumor invasion. Although Mohs micrographic surgery method is complicated and requires special training, it has the highest cure rate of all surgical treatments because the tumor is microscopically outlined until it is completely removed. While other treatment methods for recurrent basal cell carcinoma have failure rates of about 50%, cure rates have been reported at 96% when treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. "Mohs micrographic surgery is also indicated for tumors with poorly defined clinical borders, tumors with diameters larger than two cm, tumors with histopathologic features showing morpheaform or sclerotic patterns, and tumors arising in regions where maximum preservation of uninvolved tissue is desirable, such as eyelid, nose and finger." Next there is a treatment involving simple excision with frozen or permanent sectioning for margin evaluation. This traditional surgical treatment usually relies on surgical margins ranging from three to ten millimeters, depending on the diameter of the tumor. Tumor recurrence is not uncommon because only a small fraction of the total tumor margin is examined pathologically. Recurrence rate for primary tumors greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is at least twelve percent within five years. If the primary tumor measures larger than three cm, the five year recurrence rate is 23.1%. Primary tumors of the ears, eyes, scalp, and nose have recurrence rates ranging from 12.9% to 25%. Third there is electrodesiccation and curettage. This method is the most widely employed method for removing primary basal cell carcinomas. Although it is a quick method for destroying tumor, adequacy of treatment cannot be assessed immediately since the surgeon cannot visually detect the depth of microscopic tumor invasion. Tumors with diameters ranging from two to five mm have a fifteen percent recurrence rate after treatment with electrodesiccation and curettage. When tumors larger than three cm is treated with electrodesiccation and curettage, a 50% recurrence rate should be expected within five years. The fourth type is radiation therapy. Radiation

To investigate and understand the relationship between the kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay Example

To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay Example To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay I predict that the when the vehicle is tested at 10 books high there will be a greater amount of gravitational potential energy than at 5 books high, which will be converted into kinetic energy when the car is released; giving the car a longer stopping distance.I think the cars at 10 books high will travel further. I think that the times taken for the cars to stop at both heights will be similar but in general the 5 books will take longer time to stop. I think that the heaviest car will travel the furthest distance.Fair Test:I will make my test fair by:* Instead of trying to push the cars from their stationary positions, I will place them all onto the ramp and let them go, so that no cars have an unfair head start.* Also I will make sure that the starting positions of all of the cars is the same and this will be done by marking a starting line on the ramps.* By measuring the height and angle of 5 books and 10 books so that when continuing the experiment no car would have an advantage * By using the same ramp to keep consistencyMethod:1. Collect equipment and assemble as shown in diagram.2. Choose 5 books to put under ramp3. Get a toy car and weigh it4. Release car from the top of the ramp5. Use a stopwatch to time the how long it takes the car to stop6. Measure the length travelled by the toy car7. Repeat Steps 3-5 twice more8. Repeat Steps 3-6 with 10 books underneath the ramp9. Repeat Steps 3-7 using another car10. Repeat Steps 3-8 using a third car11. Record results12. Pack upResults:Length (metres)Time (secs)Weight (grams)Red Car5 books high1st1.964:8434.52nd1.834:973rd1.884:4010 books high1st2.954:752nd2.874:543rd2.064:60Blue Car10 books high1st2.153:6540.32nd2.173:623rd2.304:285 books high1st1.774:652nd1.714:813rd1.524:79Yellow Car10 books high1st2.533:9252.92nd2.204:123rd2.003:495 books high1st1.584:492nd1.634:743rd1.413:90ObservationsFrom this experiment I have observed that more the amount of gravitational potential energy there is then when converted i nto kinetic energy and the car is released there is a longer stopping distance.The cars molecules have very weak bonds with other molecules. When the two surfaces come close together, the forces make them act as if they are slightly sticky, and this will also slow down the rolling movement by acting as a brake. Inertia is the thing that makes it difficult to make a big mass start to move or stop it once it is moving. If the car is stationary then you have to use a force to overcome its inertia and get it to move. If the car is moving then you have to use a force to overcome its inertia and stop it moving.Conclusion:I conclude that the relationship between the stopping distance and kinetic energy is that the more of the kinetic energy that there is, the longer the stopping distance.The fastest car was the yellow car on all three attempts. The yellow car was also our heaviest car. The greater the mass, the larger the acceleration needed to slow it down. As the force of friction is not increasing all that much in proportion to the increased mass, the more mass an object has, the longer it will take to decelerate and the longer its braking distance will be.There are 2 sorts of friction. These are static and dynamic friction in order for the cars to move they had to overcome both of these.

Application statement for leadership program course Personal

Application for leadership program course - Personal Statement Example My level of experience and position has earned me the status of a mentor for medical students and fellow nurses in the emergency department; I hold great pleasure in guiding people this way and helping them to improve their performance. The reputation of being a senior and resourceful employee increased my interest in the Clinical Leadership Program. The field of medicine requires effective team work and mutual support more than any other field since it is a matter of life and death in numerous instances. The clinicians, who do not realize the relevance of team work, cannot provide good quality service to their patients. The presence of team work and mutual support can be expected from any team if they are managed and led by effective leaders. The Clinical Leadership Program bears the necessary aspects that develop a regular clinician into an attentive and organized leader. All clinicians aim to improve the services for patient care but the tools and skills that are taught in the respective program make the person aware about innovative approaches of giving a patient-centric service. As stated earlier, I work in the emergency department and am faced with nerve wrecking instances every day that require coordinated actions and presence of mind. I believe that this program will facilitate the development of my skills to tackle challenging tasks with confidence and lead the team members in a coordinated fashion. It is natural for clinicians to panic at some instances but such professional trainings help the individuals to maintain their focus to improve their decision making abilities and quality of service. I possess skills to comprehend the boundaries and scope of medicine that makes me plan the course of action to be taken to provide quality care to the patient. However, the course of action is judged on the basis of my experience as a nurse. A formal study of the required skills and leadership traits