Essay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States...

Nationally, every 7 minutes, another person enters prison. And every 14 minutes, someone returns to the streets, beaten down and, more often than not, having suffered a great amount of violence during his or her incarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarceration really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world. (National Criminal Justice Commission) This quote from Dave Kelly shows many of the issues with the United State’s criminal justice system today. The prison population is increasing because prisoners are being taken in at a higher rate than they are released.†¦show more content†¦As the imprisoned population in the United States grows and American culture changes, rehabilitation is becoming popular among these alternatives to a standard prison system. Rehabilitation when referring to criminal justice are programs and methods used to assist prisoners in reforming themselves in order to avoid the habits that placed them in prison in the first place. These programs are becoming more popular due to the high cost of imprisonment and a change in American culture. Each prisoner costs forty thousand dollars each year to keep in prison(Weissmueller). This is money that is coming out of the taxes paid by United States citizens who aren’t even in the prison system. Alongside this, American culture is changing to be supporting of rehabilitation efforts as Americans see the effectiveness of criminal justice systems that include it. This was seen on a trip to Europe by U.S. prison officials; once they had seen the effectiveness of German and Dutch prison rehabilitation, they wanted to bring similar programs to their prisons (â€Å"People, not prisoners†). A rehabilitation based criminal justice system in the United States is gaining popularity, and as it does so it is earning the attention it needs and deserves. However, the U.S. criminal justice system has already reduced crime; the system works so a reform is not truly needed. If it is not broken, then why fix it? The current system of imprisoning a large number ofShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Prison System940 Words   |  4 PagesPrison System What if someone broke into your house and stole everything of value and sold it so they could buy their next dose of heroin? Would you rather see them spend the next ten to fifteen years in prison? Or would you prefer the crime never happened because they got the rehabilitation they needed so they never robbed you for drug money?   The United States correctional system uses both punishment and rehabilitation when dealing with offenders. There are many ways that the justice system handlesRead MorePunitive Model Of Incarceration During The United States1321 Words   |  6 Pages Examining the Punitive Model of Incarceration in the United States and the Changes that Brought It About Collin S. Lahr Ball State University Abstract This paper explores several different sources that cover some aspect of how the United States Penal System went from the Rehabilitative Model to a punitive system. Bryan Stevenson and Betsy Matthews have written about how drug enforcement and the â€Å"War on Drugs† are responsible. Yeoman Lowbrow’s analysis of the crime rate and statistics willRead MoreRehabilitation is More Effective than Imprisonment Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States corrections system is a complicated system with many different ways of handling certain situations. There is not just one set criminal justice system that covers nationwide, each state is different but all follow the same set of laws and rules set forth by the United States Constitution. (Bureau Justice of Statistics, 2013). The state goes through many different sets of obligations before convicting a suspect. They are punished by many different ways once they are initiallyRead MoreThe Rehabilitation System Is On Converting Criminals On Productive Members Of Society1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe rehabilitation system focuses on converting criminals to productive members of society. While there is a certain level of punishment in being forced to go through such a system, the goal is conversion, not revenge. This leads to a more moral society where those being released are less dangerous and less likely to return to prison. A rehabilitation system’s goal is to reintegrate every inmate back into society. A life sentence is a death sentence, and a death sentence helps no one. One NorwegianRead MoreThe United States Correctional System Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Correctional System The United States correctional system is put in place for the time after a conviction to punish the convicted as well as get them ready to reenter society as a productive member. Unfortunately, Langan and Levin (2002), statisticians with the Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that 67.5% of prisoners released from prison are arrested again within three years time. Obviously, there is some sort of breakdown in the correction area of the criminal justice matrixRead MoreThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System By: Brian Ouellette Criminal Justice CCJ 1020 Mr. Leonardo Cadogan Abstract In the United States there is no standard when it comes to punishment and sentencing. This area of the  criminal justice system is in a constant state of change. Sentencing practices and goals are always being closely examined. From getting tough on crime to more rehabilitative approaches, the views and goals of sentencing are always beingRead MoreThe Judicial Corporal System Of Islamic Criminal Justice System Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration, especially in the United States, is widely known to be a massive taxpayer burden— to the tune of over $52 billion per year (CITE p414). In 2012, the annual cost per inmate in the United States was approximately $21,000 for low risk inmates, and up to $34,000 for high risk offenders (CITE p386). Additionally, incarceration places a significant financial burden on the offenders themselves, because they would lose their current jobs, and any job prospects they would have in the futureRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead MoreCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesCorrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who can provide training, therapy, counseling

The Purpose Of Database Software - 1961 Words

In the first task I am going to discuss in detail the uses and the purpose of database software. The purpose of database software includes many reasons, which include that Database software can store a considerable amount of data very quickly and they take up a very small amount of space. Also Database software can organise data appropriately, which means that the data isn’t difficult to find, so you can find the data with ultimate ease and very quickly. Furthermore Database software allows you to easily sort the data in the way that you require the data to be, for example if you wanted to sort the data in ascending order of surnames, then that is what the data would display. In addition to what I have mentioned, security is also a†¦show more content†¦Another purpose of Database software is that it allows people to access and view the same database during the same time. This is done by a computer system called ‘Multi Access’ which is a local area n etwork (LAN), that allows people who are permitted to view the data at the same time. Finally the last purpose that I am going to discuss of Database software is that it allows you to import the data into other programs, for example if you wanted to let a patient know that their eye test is due, then you could create a â€Å"mail-merge† letter to the patient by using the data in the database software. The reasons why various organisations use databases are because databases can be used to improve productivity. The term ‘productivity’ basically means the â€Å"average measure of the efficiency of production†. For example this can be done by â€Å"collaborative working†. The term â€Å"collaborative working† means â€Å"the act of two or more people or organizations working together for a particular purpose†, this definition I received off a website named ‘http://dictionary.cambridge.org/’. My own definition of â€Å"collaborative working† is when people work as partners for a fixed time to fulfil a specific purpose. Collaborative working improves productivity in databases, as by working as partners you are sharing and receiving different kinds of information, so this

Human Resource Management In Saudi Arabia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management In Saudi Arabia. Answer: The interest for experienced workers in Saudi Arabia proceeds to far surpass the supply of its national ability pool. As real neighborhood organizations develop more mind boggling and complex, the interest for premium-review, globally experienced official ability stays solid. The government has set up various laws and conditions governing the state of affairs in Saudi Arabia which has continued to affect the human resource management situation in Saudi Arabia. This paper examines the current status of human resource management in KSA and the factors impacting the human resource management. The strategic role and current status of HRM in Saudi Arabia Qureshi, (2014) relates that the Saudi government is under colossal weight to employ altogether more Saudis. Ostracizes represent a substantial extent of the workforce of 10 million contrasted with an aggregate Saudi populace of 31 million. 70% of these ostracizes are low-gifted workers. With the introduction of Saudization by the government, many firms have faced serious challenges in huma resource management. Saudization refers to the official national approach of supplanting of remote specialists with Saudi nationals in the private sectors of the economy. Saudi work law sets the normal retirement age at 60. Work past 59 is a commonly settled upon choice amongst bosses and representatives. Provincially, businesses clearly oppress competitors more established than 55 since no legitimate securities exist and government retirement programs for nationals are generally hearty. Also, bosses honestly refer to trouble procuring a work visa or the phantom of conceivable medical issues with more seasoned ability. The Saudi government utilizes a three-pronged procedure for enrollment of nationals: portions, government-supported preparing and a work visa framework that blocks the work of non-Saudis. The Nitaqat is a law that rebuffs organizations that neglect to meet Saudization requirements with dynamic migration confinements. This program has been extremely fruitful expanding work of Saudis since usage. Government authorities keep on manipulating the program and raise portions. Organizations have pushed back at the recently declared excessively forceful amounts for 2016 (Hennekam, Tahssain?Gay and Syed, 2017). The Human Resource Development Fund (HRDF) is a liberal motivation program for bosses to prepare Saudis for work. Adequately, the HRDF plays the broker and venture director for professional preparing for managers. Managers are urged to enlist Saudis in different professional preparing programs repaid by the HRDF. Saudis enlisted get a pay while they are in preparing and the HRDF repays the business up to 50 percent. Saudis in these projects number toward Saudization portions. It is a rich program that requires broad boss recordkeeping. The Saudi work visa framework has the notoriety for being a standout amongst the longest, incidentally unusual, and disappointing visa frameworks on the planet. It is procedurally convoluted, unbending and languid with the gainful result of demoralizing movement of laborers. The visa framework distracts a substantial segment of HR administration's opportunity. The framework requires broad labor arranging needs since visas are allowed in substantial obstructs that must be devoured before asking for another square. Visas are asked for as per nationality and occupation with strict consideration paid to instructive capabilities. Applicants that don't precisely coordinate these qualifications are about constantly dismisses. Such a resolute visa framework strengths managers to contract from a misleadingly limit work pool of nationalities to fill snappy substitutions (Baruch, Altman, and Tung, 2016). There are several notable concerns that have rose up due to the state of affairs in Saudi Arabia. Because of to a great degree appeal for expert and qualified Saudi gifted ability, compensations have suddenly taken off for blue-chip quality applicants. Indeed, even barely qualified Saudi boss and administrator compensations are climbing quickly because of popularity. Shockingly, just a couple of effective organizations have sufficient preparing assets required to get ready Saudi first-line administration for the requests of authority of an amazingly assorted workforce frequently with more than 15 unique nationalities. A similar occupation can be amazingly factor in pay. Pay rates are usually valued as indicated by home-nation markets. Workers from low wage regions like the Philippines are routinely paid not as much as Arabs doing likewise work. Sharing data between organizations at the center administration level is a strange practice and frequently seen with doubt. Information of market winning pay hones originates from the capacity to enroll. Azeem and Akhtar, (2014) holds that as of late, a great wave of unpracticed college graduates has pushed their way into the economy. Businesses every now and again grumble that college graduates with only a couple of years of work experience frequently have absurd desires of remuneration and occupation responsibilities. Recruiting youthful Saudi ladies additionally mixes enlistment intricacy because of design and work procedural prerequisites of sex isolation. Lamentably, Saudi ladies' colleges just offer a tight band of degree majors regarded sexual orientation fitting by authorities. This viably avoids ladies from building and logical professions. According to Al-Zahrani and Almazari, (2014), work laws seriously confine administration's capacity to control and train the workforce. Western supervisors encounter extensive disappointment because of the social standards of representative insurances in the work law. As an extraordinary illustration, if a worker was discovered considering obligation they would need to be gotten more than four times inside one year to be ended. Almost all workers have business gets that detail different parts of work for a settled however typically inexhaustible term. After three cycles of agreement restorations, workers regularly return to an unspecified length contract. According to Tlaiss, (2015) cutbacks are legitimately troublesome and costly since they require payout of the business contract. Despite the clear stipulations in the law, sober-mindedly, this is evaluated at three months' compensation or a most extreme of 100,000 Saudi riyals. Firing inadequately performing workers requires taking after entirely characterized disciplinary convention with point by point documentation. By and large, Saudi Arabia is a strong business showcase with immense assets that remaining parts unaffected by the sharp drop in oil costs. Political dependability and lucrative pay bundles keep on attracting gutsy ability willing to endure social hardships. Overall ability keeps on being generally fluid; however Saudization remains an eccentric figure vital arranging. Administrative weights for enormous increments in work of Saudis keep on forcing nearby bosses to reconsider labor arrange. HR must keep on providing down to earth answers for the naturally clashing objectives of the administration and the private manager. Jehanzeb, Rasheed and Rasheed (2013) a current investigation of 215 Saudi-based HR experts led by Informal Middle East, highlights the Human Resource (HR) capacity's reaction to challenges confronted by associations as they endeavor to meet the Saudi Government's Saudisation quantities, while as yet staying focused. As we move into the second 50% of the decade, Saudisation stays top of the motivation for most Saudi organizations. With the presentation of enforceable amounts for Saudisation and serious confinements forced on ?rms who don't meet targets, ?rms have been compelled to build their e?orts to select and hold Saudi Nationals. Tlaiss and Dirani, (2015) further explains that consequently for organizations to survive, and flourish, even with the Nitaqat program, they need to take a gander at how they draw in, connect with and hold their workforce, both Saudi National and ostracize; and this implies they have to look at their HR methodologies to guarantee they can react to the difficulties. While organizations are moderately hopeful about the monetary viewpoint and the development capability of associations, there are various imperative issues which the HR work needs to deliver if ?rms are to keep on growing. The 2014 MENA Labor Market Con?dence Index highlighted that much stays to be done to guarantee that youthful Nationals have the basic employability abilities requested by associations. The Saudi Government has reacted to the employability challenge by patching up its national school educational modules, moving far from repetition figuring out how to a training framework which is intended to help understudies build up the abilities they have to get learning and look for data. Obviously, it will be a couple of years before the full effect of these progressions is felt in the work compel, however it is generally viewed as a stage in the correct course. Altarawneh, (2016) explains that around 43 percent of HR experts who reacted to the overview trust that the general nature of section level hopefuls has continued as before, yet there is space for good faith with 34 percent demonstrating that they felt that the quality has made strides. In the interim HR experts need to create procedures to prepare sta? e?ectively in the specialized occupation abilities, as well as in building up the work availability of new representatives. HR experts need to create techniques to prepare sta? e?ectively in the specialized occupation aptitudes, as well as in building up the work availability of new representatives. Macro factors impacting the HRM Some of the major macro factors impacting the HRM departments in Saudi Arabia include gender equality and inequality, economic factors, social-cultural factors and employment and labor laws. The size and scale of operation of a firm is also relevant in determining the issues that cut across the management and operation of the firm enterprise. However some of these major issues affect all firms in particular as clearly discussed. Guo and Al Ariss, (2015) in terms of the legal and political factors, Saudi Arabia cannot be ranked among the best in terms of political peace and smooth government. This is clearly evident in the sense that the kingdom was founded by conquering weaker communities which might have more than often wanted to secede and feel independent. The discovery of oil in Middle East and especially oil deposits that lie in the boundaries of various countries have often caused various disagreements and battles which affects human resource in that workers are sensitive to each other. The saudization efforts by the government and the Natiqat program have also been a major legal framework that have affected the nature of operations in Saudi Arabia. This is mainly because the indigenous people may not be competent as foreign expatriates and they might not uphold to the best interests of the firm. This makes the work of the human resource management really hard in recruiting and maintaining a stable workforce (Doherty, 2013). Alshitri, and Abanumy, (2014, May) there are several economic factors that have also affected the situation in Saudi Arabia. These economic reasons cut across the governments ideologies such as communism, capitalism and non alignment. The economic reasons also focus on government efforts to strengthen the economy such as job creation and also planning and executing development plans. Saudi Arabia ever since the invention of oil has enjoyed a relatively stable economy which has provided a peaceful environment for businesses to thrive. This has however created too much competition in both the government and private firms for trained employees. Social cultural issues and gender relations have also been seen to influence human resource management in Saudi Arabia. The Muslim culture for instance has influenced the operation of various businesses whereby religion matters are so sensitive among the people. Cultural factors affect the values beliefs and socialization which may not favor several human resource management strategies as they struggle to maximize profits. Gender relations in the Islamic world and in the whole world in particular have been characterized with inequality, male chauvinism and women misogyny. The world has then seen various efforts by women as they try to express themselves and to achieve several rights such as property ownership, inheritance rights and equal pay with men. This has prompted governments and international regulatory bodies to make and amend several laws that greatly influence the human resource management status. Meso factors affecting HRM in Saudi Arabia There are several meso factors that affect human resource management in Saudi Arabia and the neighboring countries. These include the organizational structures, the nature of most business firms, roles of employees within the organizations and the leadership styles. These factors have an impact in the human resource department in various ways such as outlined below. The nature of most business enterprises is sole proprietorship. Most businesses and companies are owned privately by rich families. This affects the organizational structure of these businesses and companies where the family being the primary source of labor occupy the big positions in the leadership and management of these firms. These firms may end up employing staff who are not managers but have conflicting roles with the virtue of family ownership. The government and other institutions have very little interference in such institutions (Al-Asfour and Khan, 2014). The structure of organization of most businesses is also capitalist and class conscious where there is the noble class that are paid good salaries and work in well furnished offices where the other staff are poorly treated, overworked, underpaid and are not really considered as important in the production process where they form the major input. In such a structure, the government really puts across several laws that affect the running of these businesses. Sparrow, Brewster and Chung, (2016) argues that the roles of workers in institutions that are highly differentiated always face a major crisis in the adoption of new staff where the training of new employees becomes a routine. Work output is also law as workers lack enough experience to balance the roles. The government supplements this by changing the education curriculum but it might be long before these efforts are felt in the highly competitive kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Individual factors affecting HRM in Saudi Arabia In line with the macro factors and meso factors, there are also various individual factors that shape the human resource situation in Saudi Arabia. Some of these individual factors include educational qualifications, work values and beliefs and also individual attitudes, tastes and preferences. These factors differ from one individual to another and they really affect and influence the work output and the level of motivation of the worker. In Saudi Arabia, people with high educational qualifications are not easy to come by. This makes the companies to advertise these positions and to provide big salaries to these people which affect the technical efficiency of these firms. Work values and beliefs are different across different people. Professionalism, punctuality, neatness and other values such as politeness to workers are not even to all qualified staff. These values are hard to identify in new recruits and it is therefore difficult for human resource managers to dig for these values in the employees. Personal attitudes according to Budhwar and Debrah, (2013) are also different among different people in the job market. In Saudi Arabia for example, many of the workers are usually money oriented and they mainly look for high paying jobs. This affects the commitment of workers that shifts from work values to the money motivation. Employees may then quit from one firm to the other irrespective of the kind of work in order to get bigger salaries. This also impacts negatively to human resource departments that are forced to pay high salaries to staff in order to keep them in the institution and to also constantly train the workers in order to replace workers who have moved out. Conclusion In conclusion, there are several factors affecting the human resource department most of which are caused by the various laws and statutes enacted by the government such as Saudization that has posed a serious challenge in looking for competent employees from the Saudi population. References Al-Asfour, A., Khan, S. A. (2014). Workforce localization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Issues and challenges.Human Resource Development International,17(2), 243-253. Alshitri, K. I., Abanumy, A. N. (2014, May). Exploring the reasons behind the low ISO 27001 adoption in public organizations in Saudi Arabia. InInformation Science and Applications (ICISA), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Altarawneh, I. I. (2016). Strategic Human Resources Management and its Impact on Performance: The Case from Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business Management Economic Research,7(1). Al-Zahrani, A. A., Almazari, A. A. (2014). The impact of affective human resources management practices on the financial performance of the Saudi banks.Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,3(1), 327. Azeem, S. M., Akhtar, N. (2014). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among public sector employees in Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(7). Baruch, Y., Altman, Y., Tung, R. L. (2016). Career mobility in a global era: advances in managing expatriation and repatriation.The Academy of Management Annals,10(1), 841-889. Budhwar, P. S., Debrah, Y. A. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Crowley?Henry, M., O'Connor, E., Al Ariss, A. (2016). Portrayal of Skilled Migrants' Careers in Business and Management Studies: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda.European Management Review. Doherty, N. (2013). Understanding the self?initiated expatriate: A review and directions for future research.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(4), 447-469. Guo, C., Al Ariss, A. (2015). Human resource management of international migrants: Current theories and future research. Hennekam, S., Tahssain?Gay, L., Syed, J. (2017). Contextualising diversity management in the Middle East and North Africa: a relational perspective.Human Resource Management Journal. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A., Rasheed, M. F. (2013). Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: Impact of employee's training in private sector of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), 79. Qureshi, R. (2014). Human resources development and the status of women labor force in Saudi Arabia: a critical analysis.International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review,2(4), 144-155. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Tlaiss, H. A. (2015). Entrepreneurial motivations of women: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates.International Small Business Journal,33(5), 562-581. Tlaiss, H. A., Dirani, K. M. (2015). Women and training: an empirical investigation in the Arab Middle East.Human Resource Development International,18(4), 366-386

Remedy Oppression In The Corporations Act -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Remedy Oppression In The Corporations Act? Answer: Introducation The Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth) provides the different provisions which govern the actions of the ones who run the affairs of the company. In this regard, the directors have been given a key responsibility to safeguard the interest of every stakeholder and not be indulged in a conduct which can be deemed as oppressive, unfair or prejudicial based on section 232 of this act (Cassidy, 2006). Where it is held by the court that such a conduct has been undertaken which can be deemed as discriminatory or prejudicial in an unfair manner or which is oppressive, the court can make an order pursuant to section 233 and this power is present based on section 232 of this act (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). As per section 233, the court has the power of directing the management to do something or to refrain from indulging in certain conduct, which could include buying the shares of the shareholders, and the order for winding up of the company can also be passed based on this sec tion (Victorian Law Reform Commission, 2016). In order to show that an oppressive conduct has taken place, with regards to the dividends the three conditions given under Thomas v H W Thomas Ltd (1984) 1 NZLR 686 need to be applied. As per this case, it has to be shown that if remedies are awarded, they would be fair and equitable; that the purpose of indulging in a particular conduct was to oppress, discriminate or prejudice; and that there has been a failure in meeting the rational expectations of the parties. In the quoted case, the court held that by adopting a traditionalist financial strategy and by not paying high amounts as dividends, the conduct of the company would not become oppressive especially when the same has been agreed by the majority shareholders and there is absence of failure which could show the unfairness (New Zealand Official Law Reports, 2017). Application Applying the rules discussed here on the facts of the case study, the shareholders in question here belonged to such class where the directors had the discretion of awarding dividends. So, if these are not provided, it cannot be claimed upon by the shareholders as being oppressive. Also, applying the case discussed in the rules segment, here the awarding of remedies would be unfair as the conduct is not oppressive particularly because the same was optional. The purpose of this conduct was not to harm these shareholders but just to expand the business of the company. And lastly, the expectation of the shareholders is not just as the money is being used for a different purpose, which would benefit the company only. The buyback of shares can be best defined as the company purchasing its already issued shares from the shareholders (Latimer, 2012). The rationale for undertaking buyback of shares is not only to increase the ownership in the company but also to reduce the dilution, to increase the financial ratios of the company, whereby the position of the company is portrayed in a batter manner and by also benefiting from the undervalued company shares (Kandarpa, 2016). Under Division 2 of Part 2J.1 of the Corporations Act, the requisites for share buyback and the procedure which has to be adopted for the same is provided (Australian Government, 2013). This act, along with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission provides the requirements which have to be undertaken for buying back the share. Also, there is a need to fulfil the disclosure requirement covered under section 257A of this act. Further, there is a need for the valuation of shares of the independent expert based on Regulatory Guide 75 of the ASIC (ASIC, 2007). Applying the rules to the facts of the case, the company can here opt for buyback of shares and this would help the company in obtaining advantages of buyback. Plus, the company may have to anyways buy back the shares if oppressive conduct is established against the company. To seek the report of an independent expert for valuation purpose would right meet the rules stated above. Reduction of capital is such a procedure in which the share capital of the company is reduced and this is done by following the procedure which has been given under the law. Capital reduction, like buyback of shares, has its own benefits and included in this is the increased value of the shareholders and also helps in improving the capital structure of the company (Nanda, 2015). However, under section 256C of the Corporations Act, certain requirements have been stated which have to be fulfilled in order to reduce the share capital of the company. In this regard, there is a need to obtain the approval of the shareholders and also to prove that the reduction of the share capital would not be prejudicial for the creditors of the company, particularly with regards to their debt repayment. At times, the buyback of shares is also deemed as capital reduction; and apart from this, the capital can be reduced by redeeming the redeemable preference shares, amongst the other methods (ASIC, 2014) . Capital reduction would be beneficial for the company in this case, as with this the disputes associated with this classs shareholders can be avoided. But in order to undertake this capital reduction, there is a need to fulfil the criteria laid down under section 256C. Conclusion Hence, the company could opt for either of the two options, but it would be preferable to reduce the capital of the company. References ASIC. (2007) Share buy-backs. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://download.asic.gov.au/media/1240127/rg110.pdf [Accessed on: 01/10/17] ASIC. (2014) Reduction in share capital. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/running-a-company/shares/reduction-in-share-capital/ [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ definitions [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Australian Government. (2013) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Cassidy, J. (2006) Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. NSW: The Federation Press. Kandarpa, K. (2016) What is the Purpose of a Share Buyback and How can Shareholders Benefit from it?. [Online] Wise Owl. Available from: https://www.wise-owl.com/investment-education/what-is-the-purpose-of-a-share-buyback-and-how-can-shareholders-benefit-from-it [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Nanda, D.S. (2015) Reduction in share capital: Analysis. [Online] Corporate Law Reporter. Available from: https://corporatelawreporter.com/2015/02/23/reduction-share-capital-analysis/ [Accessed on: 01/10/17] New Zealand Official Law Reports. (2017) Thomas v H W Thomas Ltd - [1984] 1 NZLR 686. [Online] New Zealand Official Law Reports. Available from: https://www.lawreports.nz/thomas-v-h-w-thomas-ltd-1984-1-nzlr-686/ [Accessed on: 01/10/17] Victorian Law Reform Commission. (2016) The oppression remedy in the Corporations Act. [Online] Victorian Law Reform Commission. Available from: https://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/content/3-oppression-remedy-corporations-act#footnote-135972-53-backlink [Accessed on: 01/10/17]

Skin Cancer Essays (1144 words) - RTT, Dermatologic Surgery

Skin Cancer Every hour one American is killed by skin cancer and every thirty seconds one American gets skin cancer. Cancer is a deadly disease that alters the DNA of a skin cell and causes it to reproduce at a rapid pace. This overproduction of cells can be harmful and in many cases deadly. Out of these cancers the most common is Basal cell carcinoma. Many steps have been made in the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma, some have been very successful and some not. The cells that have the altered DNA are called malignant or cancerous cells. These cells are found in the outer layers of the skin. The skin's main job is to protect the body from infections and to insulate the body to keep it at the proper temperature. The first layer of skin is called the epidermis. This is the layer that is closest to the surface of the skin. There are three types of cells in this layer. The first is the squamace. The squamace cells are flat and scaly and are located closest to the surface of the skin. Second are the basal cells and finally are the melanocytes, which give the skin its color. The second layer of skin is the dermis, which is much thicker than the epidermis. This layer contains sweat glands, nerves and blood vessels. The dermis also contains follicles, which are tiny pockets from which the hair grows. The most common malignant cells are the basal cells. Cancer in the basal cell is called nonmelanoma cancer. This means that the cancer did not start in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. Basal Cell Carcinoma is caused by overexposure to the sun. The sun gives off ultraviolet rays, which are harmful to the human body. Basal cell carcinoma will affect body parts such as the eyes, ears and nose. If it is detected before it gets deep into the skin there will most likely be no problem treating the cancer. A problem will occur if it isn't detected quickly enough and it has progressed into the deep portions of the tissue. If Basal cell carcinoma is left untreated it can be very hard to treat and may even cause death. The common methods of treatment involve the use of Mohs micrographic surgery, radiation therapy, electrodesiccation and curettage, and simple excision. Each of these methods is useful in specific clinical situations. Depending on the case, these methods have cure rates ranging from 85% to 95%. Mohs micrographic surgery, a newer surgical technique, has the highest cure rate for surgical treatment of both primary and recurrent tumors. This method uses microscopic control to determine the extent of tumor invasion. Although Mohs micrographic surgery method is complicated and requires special training, it has the highest cure rate of all surgical treatments because the tumor is microscopically outlined until it is completely removed. While other treatment methods for recurrent basal cell carcinoma have failure rates of about 50%, cure rates have been reported at 96% when treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. "Mohs micrographic surgery is also indicated for tumors with poorly defined clinical borders, tumors with diameters larger than two cm, tumors with histopathologic features showing morpheaform or sclerotic patterns, and tumors arising in regions where maximum preservation of uninvolved tissue is desirable, such as eyelid, nose and finger." Next there is a treatment involving simple excision with frozen or permanent sectioning for margin evaluation. This traditional surgical treatment usually relies on surgical margins ranging from three to ten millimeters, depending on the diameter of the tumor. Tumor recurrence is not uncommon because only a small fraction of the total tumor margin is examined pathologically. Recurrence rate for primary tumors greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is at least twelve percent within five years. If the primary tumor measures larger than three cm, the five year recurrence rate is 23.1%. Primary tumors of the ears, eyes, scalp, and nose have recurrence rates ranging from 12.9% to 25%. Third there is electrodesiccation and curettage. This method is the most widely employed method for removing primary basal cell carcinomas. Although it is a quick method for destroying tumor, adequacy of treatment cannot be assessed immediately since the surgeon cannot visually detect the depth of microscopic tumor invasion. Tumors with diameters ranging from two to five mm have a fifteen percent recurrence rate after treatment with electrodesiccation and curettage. When tumors larger than three cm is treated with electrodesiccation and curettage, a 50% recurrence rate should be expected within five years. The fourth type is radiation therapy. Radiation

To investigate and understand the relationship between the kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay Example

To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay Example To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay To investigate and understand the relationship between the  kinetic energy and stopping distance of a toy car Essay I predict that the when the vehicle is tested at 10 books high there will be a greater amount of gravitational potential energy than at 5 books high, which will be converted into kinetic energy when the car is released; giving the car a longer stopping distance.I think the cars at 10 books high will travel further. I think that the times taken for the cars to stop at both heights will be similar but in general the 5 books will take longer time to stop. I think that the heaviest car will travel the furthest distance.Fair Test:I will make my test fair by:* Instead of trying to push the cars from their stationary positions, I will place them all onto the ramp and let them go, so that no cars have an unfair head start.* Also I will make sure that the starting positions of all of the cars is the same and this will be done by marking a starting line on the ramps.* By measuring the height and angle of 5 books and 10 books so that when continuing the experiment no car would have an advantage * By using the same ramp to keep consistencyMethod:1. Collect equipment and assemble as shown in diagram.2. Choose 5 books to put under ramp3. Get a toy car and weigh it4. Release car from the top of the ramp5. Use a stopwatch to time the how long it takes the car to stop6. Measure the length travelled by the toy car7. Repeat Steps 3-5 twice more8. Repeat Steps 3-6 with 10 books underneath the ramp9. Repeat Steps 3-7 using another car10. Repeat Steps 3-8 using a third car11. Record results12. Pack upResults:Length (metres)Time (secs)Weight (grams)Red Car5 books high1st1.964:8434.52nd1.834:973rd1.884:4010 books high1st2.954:752nd2.874:543rd2.064:60Blue Car10 books high1st2.153:6540.32nd2.173:623rd2.304:285 books high1st1.774:652nd1.714:813rd1.524:79Yellow Car10 books high1st2.533:9252.92nd2.204:123rd2.003:495 books high1st1.584:492nd1.634:743rd1.413:90ObservationsFrom this experiment I have observed that more the amount of gravitational potential energy there is then when converted i nto kinetic energy and the car is released there is a longer stopping distance.The cars molecules have very weak bonds with other molecules. When the two surfaces come close together, the forces make them act as if they are slightly sticky, and this will also slow down the rolling movement by acting as a brake. Inertia is the thing that makes it difficult to make a big mass start to move or stop it once it is moving. If the car is stationary then you have to use a force to overcome its inertia and get it to move. If the car is moving then you have to use a force to overcome its inertia and stop it moving.Conclusion:I conclude that the relationship between the stopping distance and kinetic energy is that the more of the kinetic energy that there is, the longer the stopping distance.The fastest car was the yellow car on all three attempts. The yellow car was also our heaviest car. The greater the mass, the larger the acceleration needed to slow it down. As the force of friction is not increasing all that much in proportion to the increased mass, the more mass an object has, the longer it will take to decelerate and the longer its braking distance will be.There are 2 sorts of friction. These are static and dynamic friction in order for the cars to move they had to overcome both of these.

Application statement for leadership program course Personal

Application for leadership program course - Personal Statement Example My level of experience and position has earned me the status of a mentor for medical students and fellow nurses in the emergency department; I hold great pleasure in guiding people this way and helping them to improve their performance. The reputation of being a senior and resourceful employee increased my interest in the Clinical Leadership Program. The field of medicine requires effective team work and mutual support more than any other field since it is a matter of life and death in numerous instances. The clinicians, who do not realize the relevance of team work, cannot provide good quality service to their patients. The presence of team work and mutual support can be expected from any team if they are managed and led by effective leaders. The Clinical Leadership Program bears the necessary aspects that develop a regular clinician into an attentive and organized leader. All clinicians aim to improve the services for patient care but the tools and skills that are taught in the respective program make the person aware about innovative approaches of giving a patient-centric service. As stated earlier, I work in the emergency department and am faced with nerve wrecking instances every day that require coordinated actions and presence of mind. I believe that this program will facilitate the development of my skills to tackle challenging tasks with confidence and lead the team members in a coordinated fashion. It is natural for clinicians to panic at some instances but such professional trainings help the individuals to maintain their focus to improve their decision making abilities and quality of service. I possess skills to comprehend the boundaries and scope of medicine that makes me plan the course of action to be taken to provide quality care to the patient. However, the course of action is judged on the basis of my experience as a nurse. A formal study of the required skills and leadership traits